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AI reshaping industry: �� professor develops unique approach to chatbot use in pharmacology, human biology

goersab — Wed, 14 Jan 2026 14:45:00 +0000

AI reshaping industry: �� professor develops unique approach to chatbot use in pharmacology, human biologygoersab January 14, 2026

Grant develops student-driven projects; finds high accuracy in AI-dispensed information

Abbey Goers

Professor Jennifer Grant, with �� . biology department, has been curious about how well everyday chatbots dispense health information, including pharmacology advice and influences on human health.

“You sometimes hear that these tools can give distorted or misleading answers, and that ��. what first caught my attention,” she said.

To quell her curiosity, Grant began several lines of AI research and developed projects for her introductory pharmacology and 100-level human biology students. For the results of the first study, Grant published a peer-reviewed manuscript, with reviews that noted that she is developing a unique angle on chatbot use in health care.

“Looking ahead, I plan to develop curricula that teach both students and, eventually, patients how to critically evaluate the quality of chatbot responses. Those skills will be of paramount importance in a world overflowing with digital advice,” Grant said.

When everyday chatbots dispense advice

A plot graph comparing ChatGPT and Copilot / Jennifer Grant

Grant asked her pharmacology students to put three chatbots to the test: ChatGPT, Copilot and Gemini. Their task was simple: ask the chatbots about the safety profiles of specific medications and look for errors. They looked at correctness and rated how thorough and helpful the generated answers were.

“To my surprise, and theirs, students found that the chatbot responses were highly accurate,” she said. “And yes, the chatbots differed. Each had their own style, and students preferred when chatbots organized information in a helpful way.”

Grant recently published an article on her findings in the open-access journal Discover Artificial Intelligence, titled “Undergraduates perceive differences in helpfulness and thoroughness of responses of ChatGPT 3.0, Gemini 1.5, and Copilot responses about drug interactions.”

“I published this research because this is truly a new academic frontier. This work is also very timely, because we believe that many people already consult everyday chatbots for medical advice,” she said.

Access to better information on human health

The pharmacology project experience led Grant to wonder how this approach could help students in her human biology class. Because the goals in that course are different, Grant redesigned the activity.

Instead of focusing on medications, students used Copilot and ChatGPT to explore how molecules influence human health. Every other week, students asked the chatbots a question tied to the organ system the class was studying. Early results showed that the chatbots provided accurate information, and Grant is excited to work up the rest of the data.

“Chatbots are everywhere now, which means learners and patients have more information at their fingertips than ever before. My hope is that this work will help people get better information, not just more of it,” she said.

A third line of Grant ��. research addresses biochemistry, using AI software to look at how proteins fold. These student projects are in mid-stage, with outcomes expected by June.

“I am very excited about these projects and will start looking for high-power collaborators with bespoke AI chatbots this spring,” she said.

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Grant develops student-driven projects; finds high accuracy in AI-dispensed information Jennifer Grant research, ChatGPT vs Copilot plot graph

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Biology Department

Biology helps us understand ourselves, other species, and our place in the earth's ecology, and what life is and how it functions.

�� . biology department offers undergraduate degrees in biochemistry and molecular biology; applied science; biology; environmental science; as well as an online professional science master's in conservation biology. �� also offers degrees in chemistry and physics.

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Jennifer Grant

Teaching Interests: Proteomics (Bio425); Biochemistry (Chem311); General Chemistry (Chem135); Human Biology Lecture & Laboratory (Bio132); Biochemistry Lecture & Laboratory (Chem311); Introduction to Biotechnology (Bio210, Online); Advanced Biotechnology (Bio470); Introductory Biology (Bio101); General Chemistry (Chem 135); Biology of Aging (Bio125)

Research Interests: The impact of proteins in disease and the creation of functional foods using biochemistry.

Professional Interests: Mass spectrometry, protein chemistry, protein separations.

Full Name: Jennifer E. Grant, Ph.D.

Job Title: Professor

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Area of Expertise: Mass Spectrometry Protein Chemistry Protein Separations

College: College of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics & Management

Department: Biology Department

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Curriculum Vitae: Jennifer Grant CV (445.53 KB)

Website: LinkedIn Profile

Education:

Degree: Ph.D. Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology

University: University of Wisconsin Medical School

Degree: M.S. Biochemistry

University: Case Western Reserve University Medical School

Degree: B.A. Biochemistry

University: Oberlin College

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A cleaner, greener, healthier British Virgin Islands

goersab — Tue, 21 Oct 2025 14:00:00 +0000

A cleaner, greener, healthier British Virgin Islandsgoersab October 21, 2025

Harrigan creates sustainable practices to preserve resources for future generations

Abbey Goers

East of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea lies the British Virgin Islands, an archipelago made up of four main islands and more than 50 smaller islands.

As senior project manager at Green VI, a nonprofit focused on environmental improvements and sustainable practices on the British Virgin Islands, Natasha Harrigan seeks to create positive human behavior change to lessen the impact of stressors on the environment. She has been with Green VI for four years.

Natasha Harrigan, left, and the Green VI team at Elmore Stoutt High School Garden / Natasha Harrigan

“Coming from a territory made up of small islands, rocks and cays that are filled with endemic flora and fauna, I understand the intricacy of small ecosystems and how interconnected they all are. The loss of any part of these systems can have lasting effects. The conservation of our wild places is very important, more now than ever due to climate change and human impact,” said Harrigan, a 2020 P.S.M. conservation biology alum.

Harrigan, who previously worked with the National Parks Trust of the Virgin Islands for seven years, has contributed to stakeholder meetings on conservation and sustainability of the territory, including those attended by the British Virgin Islands Premier Natalio Wheatley.

She is also responsible for the infrastructural and curriculum development of 11 public school garden classrooms, including at BVI ��. largest high school, Elmore Stoutt High School, in Road Town.

“I mostly work with students in the school gardens. The trickle effect of the behavior change from students to parents is always great and proves positive results, which I am always proud of,” she said.

Natasha Harrigan, center in blue, standing next to British Virgin Islands Premier Natalio Wheatley after contributing to a stakeholder meeting / Natasha Harrigan

Harrigan is responsible for the development and maintenance of two Green VI Ecopark Gardens and the development of the territory ��. organics management plan.

“This plan will have long-lasting effects for future generations, and I hope that I can impact my community by contributing to a much cleaner, greener, healthier environment for our territory,” she said.

Currently, at least 40% of food and paper waste enters the territory ��. landfill. Through the organics management plan, Harrigan hopes to:

Create a healthy compost product that can be used by local gardeners and farmers.
Contribute to food security, as the territory is susceptible to hurricanes.
Reduce the amount of methane gas released into the atmosphere at the landfill.
Reduce greenhouse gas pollution.

“Sustainable practices should be backed by legislation, but be balanced by taking into account the social, economic and environmental perspectives of these conservation efforts. This is very important in order to have healthy environments and resources for future generations,” she said.

Harrigan chose ��'s P.S.M. in conservation biology program because of her keen interest and love of the subjects offered, such as biostatistics and conservation biology.

Natasha Harrigan holding mulch made of tree clippings, an additive to compost / Natasha Harrigan

“I also liked having the option to write a paper, conduct research or simply fulfill credits through writing courses. This flexibility made me feel relaxed in knowing that as I maneuvered through the program, I would be able to choose the best option that could help me to be more educated and contribute to conservation efforts in my community,” said Harrigan, who completed her professional science master ��. degree in the midst of two hurricanes.

“Natasha ��. story is one of excellence through perseverance,” said biology Professor and P.S.M. Program Director Mike Bessert. “In 2017, when much of the island ��. infrastructure was obliterated, and the location where she had carried out her co-op was completely flattened, I consistently tried to reach her to no avail for several months and presumed the worst. Finally, I received a reply to one of my messages.

“Natasha made her way to, I think, the sole remaining cell tower in the area that regained function and was able to communicate. Over time, the towns and villages recovered. Given the devastation and disruption, she could have easily bowed out of the program, but she resumed as quickly as she could and completed the program in stellar fashion,” he said.

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Harrigan creates sustainable practices to preserve resources for future generations Natasha Harrigan

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P.S.M. Conservation Biology

Address the human impact on our world and seek ways to preserve threatened and endangered species, habitats, and ecosystems through research and reason.

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Conservation biologists work to protect biodiversity, restore ecosystems, promote sustainable use of land, inform policy and public awareness, and manage natural resources. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects the overall employment of conservation scientists and foresters to grow 3% over the next decade, with an average of about 3,600 openings projected each year.

�� . Career Services’ First Destination Report found that fully 100% of its P.S.M. program graduates are employed within six months of graduation, with an average starting salary of $49,000.

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Search Keywords: PSM conservation biologyProfessional Science Masters in conservation biology

Michael Bessert

Research Interests

I am interested in fish evolution, systematics, and conservation. Much of my current work is focused on molecular systematics, population genetics, and phylogeography in the North American freshwater fish genus Cycleptus (blue suckers), a group that inhabits large rivers in the Mississippi, Rio Grande, and Mobile basins of North America.

I am the first researcher to investigate genetic structure (on multiple levels) in the genus. Mitochondrial data clearly indicate the presence of a new, undescribed species from the Rio Grande basin. In addition, nuclear markers have revealed impacts of dams on genetic structure in the Missouri River as well as incomplete lineage sorting (in particular, an allophyletic condition) between the two described species. This work has important conservation implications as the genus occurs in 22 states, but none of the three species are considered stable in any of them (S3, vulnerable > SX, presumed extirpated).

I have also initiated or participated in other molecular genetic-based investigations in ecology, evolution, and behavior, such as research to characterize the molecular evolution of HIV-Clade C in Zambian mother/infant pairs. More recent efforts include a project to examine cloning frequency in a native plains thistle (Cirsium undulatum), studies of genetic mating systems in the nurseryfish (Kurtus gulliveri) of Australia and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) of North America, phylogeographic studies in the plains topminnow (Fundulus sciadicus), and initiation of a long-term ichthyomonitoring project (incl. effects of drought) of fish assemblages in the Platte River forks of western Nebraska.

A new project that is taking shape here at Stout involves the assessment of genetic structure in native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations of the Driftless Area in western Wisconsin. This is a developing collaboration between Dr. Chuck Bomar, John Sours and others in the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), and Trout Unlimited (TU), a private organization.

�� lies on the northern rim of the Driftless Area, a region that was encircled - but untouched – by ice sheets during the last glacial maximum. The degree to which this ‘pocket’ within the ice acted as a refugium for aquatic organisms is largely unknown. It is possible that brook trout populations survived within. This species is popular among fly fishing enthusiasts and has been stocked in many regional drainages.

Still, there are a number of disjunct areas that contain populations which have never been stocked. These are of highest interest to the WDNR because stocked trout tend not to survive well in many (most?) streams. From an applied management standpoint, the WDNR would like to know how ‘genetically unique’ these endemic populations really are and, secondly, how much hybridization occurs in stocked streams.

Additional basic questions involve ascertainment of historical demographic patterns and an estimation of divergence time between unstocked endemics and other populations outside the Driftless Area. Using molecular techniques, we can directly test the refugium hypothesis. If the area did serve in this capacity, it is plausible that there are one or more cryptic, undescribed species in the region.

I actively seek the participation of undergraduates in all of my research endeavors – both in the field and in the laboratory. As a professional educator, I know the value of hands-on, inquiry-based experiences. If you are interested in working in my lab.

Full Name: Michael L. Bessert, Ph.D.

Job Title: Professor / Program Director

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College: College of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics & Management

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P.S.M. Conservation Biology

Curriculum Vitae: Dr. Michael L. Bessert CV (447.23 KB)

Education:

Degree: Ph.D. Biological Science

University: University of Nebraska

Degree: M.S. Biological Science

University: University of Nebraska

Degree: B.A. Biology

University: Concordia University

Degree: B.S. Biology, Physical Education

University: Concordia University

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Forestry stewardship in Michigan ��. Upper Peninsula

goersab — Tue, 21 Oct 2025 14:00:00 +0000

Forestry stewardship in Michigan ��. Upper Peninsulagoersab October 21, 2025

Carlson ��. conservation efforts aid in natural regeneration of wild places

Abbey Goers

The Ottawa National Forest in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan covers nearly one million acres, with more than 500 lakes and nearly 2,000 miles of rivers and streams flowing into Lake Superior.

As stewardship coordinator with the U.S. Forest Service, Craig Carlson, headquartered in Ironwood, ensures conservation of and sustainable practices within the forest.

U.S. Forest Service Stewardship Coordinator Craig Carlson / Craig Carlson

“The conservation of wild places is essential. The uninhibited vegetative growth patterns of these locations can be studied and provide wildlife refuge. A well-thought-out forestry management plan will provide wild places and suitable habitat for species, along with providing the resources our communities need,” said Carlson, a 2018 P.S.M. conservation biology alum.

Interacting with partner organizations and coworkers enlightens Carlson to the vast scope of work that is needed – from programs that provide temporary habitat for various species to dam removal and stream restoration, pollinator plant germination, planting and more.

Carlson reviews project specifications and ensures they align with the stewardship authority and works with external partners to achieve landscape restoration. He ensures programs run smoothly and within the limitations of the authority for contracts, following individual timelines for simultaneous projects, each needing a detailed review while meeting the scope and scale requirements.

“Lumber is necessary to sustain our way of living and is a large economic driver of this area. I hope I make a difference through providing restoration to the forest and wildlife after timber harvests. Stewardship helps to remove nonnative invasive plants and replant species or prepare the area for natural regeneration after a timber harvest,” he added.

A lake in the Ottawa National Forest / Craig Carlson

Carlson hopes to add to his positive impact on future generations with the uplifting message in his book “Look Ahead Moon,” a story about appreciating the gifts we each have.

“The P.S.M. conservation biology program allowed schedule flexibility and a diverse catalog of courses, from aquatic sustainability to wildlife management. If you have an interest in natural resources, there is a path through this program to meet your future professional goals,” said Carlson, who completed his internship as a biological science technician with the Bureau of Land Management, in Vernal, Utah.

He performed survey work there and collected data for his thesis, which focused on lead uptake in scavenging raptors, including the golden eagle, said biology Professor and P.S.M. Program Director Mike Bessert.

“Craig had a military background in the Air Force. He is one of many military students that we have served. He was an excellent student with a diverse skill set, and he ��. passionate about his position with the U.S. Forest Service,” Bessert added.

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Carlson ��. conservation efforts aid in natural regeneration of wild places Craig Carlson

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P.S.M. Conservation Biology

Address the human impact on our world and seek ways to preserve threatened and endangered species, habitats, and ecosystems through research and reason.

Learn More

�� . Career Services’ First Destination Report found that fully 100% of its P.S.M. program graduates are employed within six months of graduation, with an average starting salary of $49,000.

Submit a Class Note to Alumni News

Michael Bessert

Research Interests

Full Name: Michael L. Bessert, Ph.D.

Job Title: Professor / Program Director

Include in Directory: Yes

College: College of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics & Management

Department: Biology Department

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All Degree Programs

P.S.M. Conservation Biology

Curriculum Vitae: Dr. Michael L. Bessert CV (447.23 KB)

Education:

Degree: Ph.D. Biological Science

University: University of Nebraska

Degree: M.S. Biological Science

University: University of Nebraska

Degree: B.A. Biology

University: Concordia University

Degree: B.S. Biology, Physical Education

University: Concordia University

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University interns gain environmental job skills assessing health of region ��. waters

giffeyt — Thu, 18 Sep 2025 13:00:00 +0000

University interns gain environmental job skills assessing health of region ��. waters giffeyt September 18, 2025

Latest grants from Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin bring $389K for research, education, monitoring

By Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin and Tom Giffey / ��

Cayanna Erickson says interning with the 2025 Red Cedar Basin Monitoring Group will give her a step up when she enters the job market. The University of Wisconsin-Stout undergraduate recently declared a B.S. environmental science major, and the summer internship gave her experience with hands-on field work.

“My career goals involve water monitoring, specifically in the Eau Claire area as that is where I am from originally,” she said. “The skills that I learned this summer directly relate to what I want to do in the future.”

Erickson was one of six students from ��, UW-Eau Claire and UW-River Falls who spent the summer collecting and analyzing data that helps show the impact of restoration efforts in the Red Cedar Basin. This watershed includes Lakes Menomin and Tainter, which are listed as impaired by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Nutrient pollution causes frequent harmful algal blooms in these water bodies and others throughout Wisconsin.

Despite the multitude of problems facing the Red Cedar Basin, the lakes and rivers are heavily used for angling, recreation and power generation. This has led to multiple restoration projects to improve the health of the watershed.

The initial monitoring group was started two decades ago as a volunteer organization but languished after its leader retired. It was revived with funding from the Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin, a partnership of Wisconsin ��. 13 public universities, connecting with industry partners, local communities, policymakers and advocacy groups. Since 2022, Freshwater Collaborative funding has provided continuity of data collection and built capacity to gather data from more sites and more diverse ecosystem types. Eighteen students have participated so far, and recent funding investments will ensure the project continues.

Students Carter Lane of ��, right, and Grant Ableson of UW-River Falls survey black ash impacted by emerald ash borers in Muddy Creek.

Fulfilling a community need

“The Red Cedar River Basin Monitoring Group trains students to collect data on aquatic ecosystems and fills a critical need of collecting data related to management and restoration,” said Nicole Hayes, an assistant professor at ��.

Hayes said the goals of the Red Cedar River Basin Monitoring Group are twofold. First, it leverages the expertise of scientists at �� to work with local community groups to understand how environmental change is impacting lakes, rivers, streams and wetlands in the watershed. Second, it builds a better understanding of how these ecosystems are responding to ongoing degradation and mitigation and restoration efforts. The data gathered is used to support management decisions.

“We are informing best management practices in trout stream restoration and maintenance,” added Professor Amanda Little, program director for environmental science. “Students are studying harmful algal blooms and monitoring the zebra mussel invasion of Lake Menomin in order to better understand the dynamics of the lake. Future projects will investigate aquatic vegetation restoration in local lakes to improve fish habitat. Students are also studying sedimentation in Galloway Creek in Menomonie to understand the impacts of sanding during the winter and erosion on this urban stream.”

Four �� educators – including Hayes and Little as well as Associate Professor Keith Gilland and lecturer Julia Chapman – collaborate with DNR Fisheries, the City of Menomonie, Dunn County, Beaver Creek Reserve, the Colfax Red Cedar Preserve and The Prairie Enthusiasts, among others. This allows students to start building a professional network while gaining professional skills.

�� student Cayanna Erickson, left and UW-River Falls student Grant Ableson measured sediment type, sediment depth and particle size to assess soil erosion on Galloway Creek.

Each intern also develops an independent research project in addition to contributing to the overall data collection. Several students have continued their research projects into the following academic year, and many have presented their findings at local, state and even national conferences.

This summer, Erickson ��. independent student project focused on zebra mussels, an invasive species first identified in Lake Menomin in 2024. “I hope that the survey allows for a deeper understanding of the abundance of zebra mussels in our lake as well as their high-density areas,” she said. “In turn, both city and county could use the data as a means for reducing/confining the spread of zebra mussels.”

Erickson concluded that the internship was an “amazing experience” that will prepare her for future classes.

Little agreed, adding that working on the project prepares students for what lies ahead. “Students will be well-prepared for specific upper-level courses that incorporate the skills from the summer,” Little said. “The wide range of projects that they worked on over the summer are great resume-builders and give them a broad scope of work to discuss during interviews. This internship really makes them super-competitive due to both the breadth of skills and the depth of their own individual project which demonstrates leadership and initiative.”

Thanks to Freshwater Collaborative funding, 14 of the interns have received scholarships to participate in additional freshwater coursework at ��, UW-Eau Claire and UW-River Falls. The coursework helps prepare them for their internships and provides the opportunity to work with faculty and students from other universities.

Crop Per Drop: �� students provide soil and water R&D for Chippewa Valley Bean

How much water does it take to grow 100 pounds of kidney beans? Most people wouldn’t think to ask such as question — but if you are a family business competing

New funding announced

The Freshwater Collaborative recently announced that funding would continue for the Red Cedar Basin Monitoring Group for the next two years thanks to money included in the most recent state budget, which covers 2025-27.

In total, �� will receive $389,256 for four projects:

The Red Cedar River Basin Monitoring Group will receive $258,452 to continue the internship program and related research projects.

Crop Per Drop, a collaborative research project between �� and UW-River Falls aimed at understanding and improving water use in dry bean production, will receive $30,307.

Field Hydrology, a three-week summer field course for upper-level students from ��, UW-Eau Claire, and UW-River Falls, will receive $21,050.

Water in Western Wisconsin: An Interdisciplinary Freshwater Field Camp for High School Students, a collaboration among the three western Wisconsin universities that targets rising high school seniors, will receive $79,447.

Overall, the Freshwater Collaborative will invest $4.2 million in projects that involve faculty, staff and students from all 13 Universities of Wisconsin, as well as dozens of partners from industry, government, local communities, tribal nations, nonprofits and K-12 education. They will increase research and training opportunities for high school, undergraduate and graduate students and will address Wisconsin ��. biggest water challenges, including PFAS and phosphorus pollution.

“The Freshwater Collaborative has helped campuses develop innovative statewide courses, programs and research collaborations over the past five years,” said Marissa Jablonski, executive director for the Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin. “With this latest round of funding, we are committing to ongoing investment in those programs that will best recruit and train the next generation of water professionals to address the needs of Wisconsin.”

The funding is part of a statewide initiative, backed by the Wisconsin State Legislature and Gov. Tony Evers, to tackle Wisconsin ��. grand water challenges and support recruitment, hands-on curriculum, undergraduate research opportunities, career development, and field training experiences for students interested in water-related careers.

Grant descriptions for the latest funded projects are available at freshwater.wisconsin.edu.

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University interns gain environmental job skills assessing health of region ��. waters

Latest grants from Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin bring $389K for research, education, monitoring

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Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin scholars discuss importance of stream restoration to health of state ��. watersheds

March 31, 2025

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January 31, 2025

Latest grants from Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin bring $389K for research, education, monitoring Students take water samples on Lake Menomin

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Hero Caption: As part of the Red Cedar Basin Monitoring Group, students from �� and UW-Eau Claire collect water samples to measure microcystin, a toxin produced by harmful cyanobacteria, near Wakanda Park on Lake Menomin.

Nicole Hayes

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Real-world research: Engineering team designs South African trolley system; science students investigate heavy metals

goersab — Thu, 15 May 2025 12:30:00 +0000

Real-world research: Engineering team designs South African trolley system; science students investigate heavy metalsgoersab May 15, 2025

Cross-disciplinary teams present prototypes at Research Day, Engineers Without Borders' design challenge addressed by nearly 90 students

Abbey Goers

More than 300 undergraduate and graduate students and faculty presented their research across realms during �� . annual Research Day on May 6, with individuals and cross-disciplinary teams representing more than 30 degree fields.

Research ranged from heavy metals present in everyday products to regional topics, like housing and water quality in the Chippewa Valley, to health and wellbeing interests of the nation ��. citizens, to developing global solutions through an Engineers Without Borders’ international design challenge.

Nearly 90 students in 23 teams addressed the EWB challenge. One group focused on engineering a safer, more accessible transportation system in South Africa ��. suburbs. Revitalizing Makers Valley: Future-Ready Roads for Safety, Efficiency, and Growth was presented by:

Gabriel Morken, manufacturing engineering, Eau Claire
Ann Moss, computer and electrical engineering, Johnsburg, Illinois
Christian Bretey, mechanical engineering, Eau Claire
Christian Klein, mechanical engineering, St. Paul

Gabriel Morken, Ann Moss, Christian Bretey and Christian Klein at Research Day

Two biochemistry and molecular biology and chemistry students focused on heavy metals. Some products, such as chocolate, have trace amounts occurring in them naturally through the farming process, and some products are manufactured to contain heavy metals. The researchers were:

Natalie Chartrand, of St. Croix Falls: An Analysis of Heavy Metals in Chocolate
Riley Strobush, of St. Paul: Trace Metals in Various Nicotine Salts Brands

Research Day invites industry professionals and the campus and surrounding communities to engage with students and faculty and discuss their research and creative works through posters, prototypes, exhibits and collaborative faculty-student oral panel presentations.

Engineering a safer transportation system in South Africa

The Impacts of Engineering course introduces students to the engineering design process from initiation to completion and broadens their awareness of the social, environmental and economic implications of engineering.

Engineers Without Borders’ international Engineering for People Design Challenge brings together more than 12,000 engineering students from more than 40 universities in the U.S., United Kingdom, Ireland and South Africa.

This year ��. challenge was organized by Engineers Without Borders UK and South Africa, in collaboration with the nonprofit Makers Valley Partnership.

Lecturer Mark Dolan talks with engineering students as they build prototypes for the EWB challenge

Students developed sustainable engineering solutions centered around the needs of the 46,000 residents of Makers Valley, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. The area experienced urban decay and high unemployment, but in recent years has seen a wave of regeneration driven by social and creative enterprises.

Solutions students addressed included the general built environment, food security, reliable access to energy, waste reduction and recycling, safe drinking water, sanitation and transport infrastructure.

“The design challenge reinforces the goal of Stout ��. applied learning concept. Student teams work together, use applied math in their engineering calculations, write a professional-quality paper suitable for the EWB competition and build a functioning prototype of their proposed solution,” said engineering Lecturer Mark Dolan.

Morken, Moss, Bretey and Klein researched the current road conditions of Makers Valley and the city ��. most popular modes of transportation.

They found that Makers Valley does not regularly maintain its paved roads, which are pitted with numerous large potholes and litter; and biking and walking are most common, as many people can’t afford cars, Morken said.

“With the rough roads and concerns for the safety of bikers and pedestrians, even with sidewalks, Makers Valley is looking for safe and inexpensive updates to its transportation system,” Bretey said.

Gabriel Morken, Ann Moss, Christian Bretey and Christian Klein's trolley prototype

There is also a lack of trust in public transportation, Klein added. Feuds between taxi companies cause fear through intimidation tactics used on drivers and customers. And while school buses provide transportation for children to and from school, there are fees for the service, Moss explained.

“Many of the taxi drivers jack up their prices so they can afford to live. What shocked me about this was that I never stopped to consider just how many aspects of life poverty can affect,” Morken said. “We tried to figure out a way to get cars off the road, while simultaneously trying to figure out a way to have accessible transportation for anybody. We thought that a trolley system would solve both of those problems.”

The team landed on the idea of engineering a trolley system because it ��. a permanent network and can be designed as hybrid, running mainly on electricity. “But since the electrical grid is not always reliable in Makers Valley, the trollies could also run on fuel as a backup,” Bretey said.

“If we used an electric bus, that vehicle would have to stop and take breaks to regain a charge and be out of service during that time,” Moss added. “A trolley receives power through its connection to the track and would only need fuel when the power grid is down. This means that a trolley can be in commission longer than a bus could.”

The initial infrastructure cost of a trolley system is higher than a bussing system because of the need to install tracks, Morken said. “However, we thought that a trolley would be better in the long term because usually they can carry more passengers, have lower operating costs (some don’t need a driver) and they can be powered by electricity,” he added.

The team ��. design also incorporated safety features for pedestrians and bikers, with marked and lighted crosswalks and a separate lane for bicycles, with reflective posts between the car and bike lanes, Bretey added.

Moss hopes the team ��. research can help ensure the safety of Makers Valley commuters. “Even if only a part of our design were implemented, it could make a positive difference in the city. I believe that our design can work for other places as well that struggle with pedestrian safety and unreliable transportation systems,” she said.

Student projects submitted to the EWB challenge may be picked up by a company, nongovernmental or other organization and become a real solution for people.

The Impact of Engineering course is part of Stout Core, foundational general education classes where students gain global perspective and ethical reasoning to understand social responsibility, so they graduate ready to do more on day one.

Heavy metals in consumer products

Heavy metals can build up in the human body over time and lead to severe health issues.

Lead is known to cause neurological damage and cognitive impairments, particularly in young adults. It can also lead to developmental issues, memory loss, insomnia and muscle weakness.

While iron, manganese, and zinc are essential micronutrients, excessive amounts can cause organ damage and oxidative stress; can affect the nervous system; and can cause nausea, vomiting and weaken the immune system, Strobush explained.

Cadmium and nickel in long-term exposure are known to cause kidney failure and increased risks for cancer, anemia and cardiovascular diseases, added Chartrand, who conducted an analysis of four of her favorite chocolate brands.

Chemistry student Natalie Chartrand tests heavy metals in chocolates

“Heavy metal exposure should be kept to a minimum, especially in foods, which is why the FDA and other health organizations regulate it. While the FDA has strict guidelines on heavy metals, it ��. impossible to completely eradicate all heavy metal exposure in our daily lives,” she said.

Chartrand knew chocolate contains heavy metals, usually found in trace amounts in chocolates that are less processed, like dark and semi-sweet chocolates.

“Both lead and cadmium are common environmental pollutants found in modern farming practices; these metals can be absorbed into the cacao beans we use to make chocolate,” she said. “Nickel is used in the manufacturing process of chocolate, though it shouldn’t end up in the product itself.”

Because of this, she wasn’t surprised to find detectable lead levels in three of her chocolate samples.

“Lead is naturally found in cacao beans and is retained through the manufacturing process, at levels so low they’re not considered toxic, but are detectable on our instrument, nonetheless. I found no cadmium in any of my samples, and only very trace amounts of nickel,” she said. “Just because studies have found small amounts in chocolates doesn't mean that the highly processed chocolates we eat regularly will contain the same levels.”

Chemistry Professor Jonathan Frisch, Riley Strobush and Natalie Chartrand

During Strobush ��. initial research, she found numerous studies on heavy metals in vape pods and cartridges, but relatively few on nicotine salts. She conducted her research on four brands of nicotine salts.

“Although there are traces of metals in the liquid, the liquid is heated into a vapor through a metal coil, introducing more metals into the aerosol that is consumed by the user when using their e-cigarette,” she said. “Lead was the most frequently detected heavy metal in my samples, contrary to my initial expectation of a more balanced distribution of heavy metal elements.”

She was also intrigued by the marketing of the products. “Each of them has colorful, appealing designs and flavors that you would see on candy or soda. It hides the harsh potential health impacts caused by consuming the liquids,” she said.

Strobush hopes her research raises awareness about the dangers of these products and encourages more rigorous testing, especially in the aerosol form. “This could lead to improved regulations and safer product formulations, ultimately protecting public health,” she said.

Strobush noted that she is not a user of nicotine salts or similar substances. She and Chartrand took the necessary precautions during their studies to ensure their peers’ and their own safety.

Biochemistry and molecular biology student Riley Strobush presents at Research Day

Chemistry and physics Associate Professor Jonathan Frisch served as Strobush ��. and Chartrand ��. research mentor. In Frisch ��. College Chemistry I course, students learn the chemistry and physics behind several types of chemical instrumentation and gain practical experience using those instruments to investigate samples of their choice.

“The students are allowed to ask any questions they want, at which time they design and carry out experiments to answer those questions. Every semester, I am surprised by some of the results. There are contaminants in and on all sorts of things I would have never expected or even thought about analyzing,” he said.

Outstanding researchers recognized at Research Day

After the poster and exhibit session, where Chartrand, Strobush and the engineering students shared their work, an award ceremony recognized outstanding researchers – both faculty and students.

Since 1987, �� has awarded faculty for their outstanding research, nominated by a review committee of their peers.

The Outstanding Researcher honors for leadership and significant contributions to research and scholarly activities are awarded by the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, on behalf of the Provost's Office and the committee. This year ��. recipients are:

Julie Watts: Senior Outstanding Researcher
Nicole Hayes: Emerging Outstanding Researcher
Pranabendu Mitra: Outstanding Research Mentor.

Outstanding student researcher awardees are:

Valacia Casper: CAHS, undergraduate
Elaina Blazei: CSTEMM, undergraduate
Bex Cermin: CAHS, graduate student
Cortney Dean: CSTEMM, graduate student
Nikolaus Nelson (CAHS) and Theodore Welch (CSTEMM): Honorable Mentions.

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Hero Caption: Biochemistry and molecular biology student Riley Strobush tests heavy metals in nicotine salts. She presented her findings at Research Day on May 6.

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Research across realms: Students present to legislators, supporters at Research in the Rotunda, April 2

goersab — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 13:38:34 +0000

Research across realms: Students present to legislators, supporters at Research in the Rotunda, April 2goersab March 31, 2025

Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin scholars discuss importance of stream restoration to health of state ��. watersheds

Abbey Goers

Student researchers from �� and other UW campuses will showcase their research at Wisconsin ��. Capitol Rotunda on Wednesday, April 2, during Research in the Rotunda.

Members of the Red Cedar Basin Monitoring Group collect water samples at Gilbert Creek / Theodore Welch

Among �� . presenters this year are two Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin scholars, whose research focuses on the vital importance of native animal and plant species to the overall health of Wisconsin ��. watersheds:

Michael Buss, environmental science, of Madison: Impacts of Trout Stream Restoration on Macroinvertebrate Communities. Mentors are Nicole Hayes and Julia Chapman.
Theodore Welch, environmental science, of Milton: Competition Between Invasive Reed Canary Grass and a Native Sedge in a Western Wisconsin Trout Stream Restoration. Mentors are Amanda Little and Keith Gilland.

Students, representing all degree fields, will discuss their research with legislators, state leaders, UW alumni and supporters from 10:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m., with remarks at noon by UW President Jay Rothman.

“The research projects embody the personal and intellectual growth experienced by the students who created them,” Rothman said. “They are a tangible representation of the Universities of Wisconsin ��. ongoing commitment to build the talent pipeline and to expand knowledge and ideas that are vital to the state ��. success – objectives that are an integral part of our 2023-28 Strategic Plan.”

Now in its 21st year, more than 1,500 students have presented at the annual event, hosted by Universities of Wisconsin.

“Empowering students to present their research to legislators at the Capitol not only amplifies their voices but also bridges the gap between education and policy-making, fostering a future where informed decisions shape our society,” said �� . Office of Research and Sponsored Programs Director Anne Hoeltke.

Impacting stream restoration in Wisconsin

Buss is an avid fisherman and is invested in the surface waters of Wisconsin. “It is intriguing for me to study the effects of restoration efforts on the surface waters I care so much about,” he said.

Buss, Welch, and other �� students and faculty members of the Red Cedar Basin Monitoring Group collected water, macroinvertebrate, and plant samples from Gilbert Creek and other streams and lakes in the area over summer 2024.

Members of the Red Cedar Basin Monitoring Group collect water samples at Gilbert Creek / Theodore Welch

The Gilbert Creek sub watershed contains 23.8 miles of classified trout water, including Gilbert Creek Fishery and Wildlife Area, a 241-acre property approximately 7 miles west of Menomonie. Restoration of the creek began in the mid-2000s and continues in various sections.

“Our research could impact how the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources carries out stream restorations and adds to the knowledge they have on how stream restorations impact stream ecology,” Buss said.

Macroinvertebrates are an integral part of stream systems. They are a critical food source for fish and are important in processing organic matter, he added.

A few of the most common macroinvertebrates the group found in their samplings were caddisfly larvae, mayfly larvae and scuds.

“We found that macroinvertebrate communities across stream restoration ages were more similar than we expected, but our research suggests that there may be age-related trends,” Buss said. “Newly restored sites may initially have a very different macroinvertebrate community composition that quickly shifts towards the assemblages seen in older restorations. Eventually, all restoration sites seem to settle on similar communities.”

Gov. Tony Evers meets with student researchers at Research in the Rotunda, 2024 / Joe Koshollek, Capitol photographer

Reed canary grass is a prevalent and aggressive invasive species that is best controlled by fire and herbicide. Having a native competitor, like native sedge, could help land managers and restorations use a biological control in managing reed canary, Welch said.

Native grasses and sedges were planted to provide cover and nesting habitat for wildlife, and the plants’ root systems help to reduce bank erosion and filter out pollutants in the stream.

Samples were collected from three plots at zero, 3 and 6 meters from the bank, 50 meters apart. Reaches were defined by the year they were restored, Welch said.

“The oldest restorations had the greatest percent cover of the hairy-fruit sedge, compared to newer restorations in the Gilbert Creek. There was a trend for percent cover of hairy-fruit sedge and increasing distance from the bank,” he added. “Reed canary grass had an opposite trend. However, at zero meters, where reed canary grass had highest abundance, there was a significant negative trend with increasing percent cover of hairy-fruit sedge.”

�� student Ava Cinealis presents her research at Research in the Rotunda, 2024 / Joe Koshollek, Capitol photographer

Welch likes to see these projects progress as time goes on. “More information on the outcomes of these stream restorations provides better tools on what does and doesn’t work in achieving functioning native communities,” he said.

Buss and Welch will graduate in May. Buss plans to work in water quality monitoring or a water-related field, while Welch will work for a restoration company in southern Wisconsin. They each plan to apply to graduate school.

Students across degree fields presenting

Researchers at RITR are nominated by faculty, staff and a student committee. Seven other �� students, including a third Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin scholar, will discuss their research with attendees:

Corey Brisiel, applied social science, of Eau Claire: Off-Campus Housing in Menomonie, Wisconsin. Tina Lee and Courtney Juelich.
Luke Denney, computer science, of Byron, Minnesota: Kintsugi 3D Builder: User Experience Design and Implementation. Michael Tetzlaff.
Bryanna Hoffman, biochemistry and molecular biology, of Eau Claire: Changes in the Chemical Properties of Surface Waters in Dunn County. Ana Magdalena Vande Linde.
Emmett Jaakkola, applied mathematics and computer science, of Apple Valley, Minnesota: Electric Circuit Simulation with Explicit Simulation of Mobile Charges. Daniel Sinkovits.
Bria Moore, psychology, of Wisconsin Rapids: Elderly Americans: Maintaining Independence and Well-Being. Molly Welch-Deal and Sarah Wynn.
Lindsey Redepenning, applied mathematics and computer science, FCW scholar, of Elk River, Minnesota: Precision Agriculture: Measuring Crop Per Drop Using the Internet of Things, Machine Learning, and Mathematical Modeling. Keith Wojciechowski.
Cassie Sciarra, applied social science, of St. Paul: Social Determinants of Substance Use Disorders and Addiction Treatment: Evidence from Arbor Place Professionals. Lee and Juelich.

Crop Per Drop: �� students provide soil and water R&D for Chippewa Valley Bean

How much water does it take to grow 100 pounds of kidney beans? Most people wouldn’t think to ask such as question — but if you are a family business competing

�� leadership attending are Chancellor Katherine Frank, Provost Glendalí Rodríguez and Head of Staff Kristi Krimpelbein.

In addition, 12 �� students will present at the National Conference on Undergraduate Research from Monday, April 7, to Wednesday, April 9, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. More than 4,000 undergraduates from all disciplines from across the country will attend.

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Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin scholars discuss importance of stream restoration to health of state ��. watersheds Research in the Rotunda, 2024. Greg Anderson, Capitol Photographer

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Hero Caption: Undergraduates from around the state will present their research at Research in the Rotunda on Wednesday, April 2. Photo by Greg Anderson, Capitol photographer

Office of Research & Sponsored Programs

Investigate. Collaborate. Disseminate.

The mission of the Office of Research & Sponsored Programs (ORSP) at Wisconsin ��. polytechnic university is to create and support a university culture that promotes research and assists the �� community in securing the funds to advance research, scholarship, industry collaboration, and other innovations.

ORSP offers support to faculty, staff, and students in their research endeavors. We guide researchers through the pre-award funding process, offering support in proposal development, budget development, and submission. Read on to learn more about our services.

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�� partners with a number of State, Foundational and Federal Sponsors, including but not limited to the following (in alphabetical order):

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�� professor brings aspects of grandfather ��. experience in Battle of the Bulge ‘back to life’

Oss uses AI tools to decipher World War II journal, recreate portraits, landscapes

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Breaking ground for polytechnic partnerships: �� top story highlights of 2025

Heritage Hall renovation, AI innovations, industry-sponsored focus among year ��. notable headlines

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Biology professor joins team of scientists to study glacial methane emissions in Iceland

goersab — Fri, 31 Jan 2025 14:51:50 +0000

Biology professor joins team of scientists to study glacial methane emissions in Icelandgoersab January 31, 2025

Research finds small organisms play significant role in slowing emission of greenhouse gas

Abbey Goers

In the summers of 2018 and 2019, an all-female team of scientists ventured to the glaciers of Iceland to research the complex interactions between glacial systems, climate change and methane emissions.

Their findings were recently published in Scientific Reports. The study, one of only a handful of its kind, examined how melting glaciers release trapped methane – a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming – and how microbes in glacial streams and lakes prevent that methane from reaching the atmosphere.

The team was led by 2019 National Geographic Explorer Kristin Strock, associate professor of environmental studies at Dickinson College.

Nicole Hayes at Solheimjokull / Nicole Hayes

She was joined by �� biology and environmental science Assistant Professor Nicole Hayes; Bridget Deemer, a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey; and Dickinson student Rachel Krewson.

“Studies that span the land, ice, water, and air are rare because it requires an interdisciplinary and full ecosystem kind of perspective,” said Strock, who noted the critical work was possible because of the team ��. interdisciplinary fields.

Clues to mitigating climate change in polar regions

Hayes’ research is on the effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems, such as lakes and reservoirs.

She met Strock and Deemer when the three were PhD graduates, and together, they applied for a National Geographic Explorer grant to research the “Thermal controls on methane dynamics in Icelandic lakes: In-situ incubations across a geothermal temperature gradient.”

Nicole Hayes, right, and Bridget Deemer at a glacial lake / Nicole Hayes

Polar ecosystems are being affected by climate change at a higher rate, including sea ice thinning, permafrost melting and accelerated glacial melt, with rapid loss of ice volume reported in 260 small glaciers across the globe.

“These ecosystems are really interesting because as they start to warm, they release greenhouse gases that have been trapped under the ice,” Hayes said.

“We know that under glaciers is the right environment for methane-producing microbes to live. These microbes create methane as part of their metabolism. As glaciers melt, they release large amounts of methane – a potent greenhouse gas.”

In their journey across Iceland, the team collected samples at four locations from three glaciers: Langjökull, Snæfellsjökull, and Sólheimajökull. At Sólheimajökull, they sampled water from a paraglacial lake and river.

To reach these locations, they rented a four-wheel pickup truck from an outfitter, drove down long gravel roads and parked on the side of the road to begin their trek to each site.

Nicole Hayes, left, and Bridget Deemer collecting meltwater samples / Nicole Hayes

With no lab base, they carried in all their equipment, including inflatable rafts, oars and an electric trolling motor, as no gas motors were allowed.

“There were constant 20 miles-per-hour winds. It was very challenging to do fieldwork,” Hayes said. “But Iceland is very cool. At Thingvellir National Park, it is one of the few places where the Mid-Atlantic Rift is above sea-level. You can stand in the middle of two tectonic plates. Iceland is also famous for its midges – non-biting mosquitoes that emerge in mass every spring. They were everywhere.”

The team tested glacial meltwater samples onsite using the headspace equilibrium method – or shaky bottle method, Hayes said.

“By filling bottles with meltwater, measuring the amount of methane at the start, incubating them for 24 hours and agitating the bottles, we could then measure the methane in the shaken gas bubbles to tell us how much methane the aquatic microbes in the ecosystem used up.

“Methane is an important molecule for some microbes, which use the gas in their metabolism and turn it into carbon dioxide,” Hayes said.

Nicole Hayes at Djupavatn / Nicole Hayes

The team found that when glacial meltwater enters lakes and streams, the microbes in the tributaries can consume large amounts of methane via a natural biological process called microbial methane oxidation, which may reduce atmospheric methane emissions from glaciers by up to 53%, significantly mitigating the impact of the greenhouse gas.

By incorporating methane oxidation into estimates of glacial methane emissions, scientists can more accurately assess the impact of melting glaciers on the global climate.

This expedition led Hayes to think more about under-ice research. Locally, she has studied how climate change may be affecting Lake Menomin, just blocks away from ��.

“Climate change is affecting our winter conditions here in Wisconsin, too,” she said. “Often, we think of lakes being inactive in the winter, because light tends to be limited under the snow and ice. But with warmer winters and thinner ice, we’ve been looking at how much algae is growing under the ice. We can ask questions like, ‘Does a greener winter lake affect the summer algal blooms?’”

Eystra Gíslholtsvatn, a glacial lake in Iceland / Nicole Hayes

Hayes thinks the best way to protect polar regions, glaciers, lakes and reservoirs, and the best way to combat climate change is through government policies and individual actions.

“In Wisconsin, we all experience the effects of climate change firsthand. Warmer winters with less snow and less ice mean less ice fishing, skiing and snowmobiling,” Hayes said. “The data collected by scientists across the globe is just as clear. Humans are changing Earth ��. climate. The real question is, how are we solving climate change.”

�� environmental science Program Director Mandy Little believes that “We are lucky that our faculty are highly engaged in globally important research and bring that cutting-edge experience to our students’ courses and research in environmental science and biology.”

The study was originally proposed by Krewson as part of her senior research thesis in environmental science as a student at Dickinson.

The team ��. research was funded by a grant from the National Geographic Society, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey, the Churchill Exploration Fund and the Dickinson College Research and Development Fund.

�� . biology department offers undergraduate degrees in applied science; biochemistry and molecular biology; biology; and environmental science, as well as an online master's conservation biology. �� also offers degrees in chemistry and physics.

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January 28, 2026

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January 21, 2026

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Can Trump just order new names for Denali and the Gulf of Mexico?

hugginsm — Sat, 25 Jan 2025 16:45:27 +0000

Can Trump just order new names for Denali and the Gulf of Mexico?hugginsm January 25, 2025

Geography professor Innisfree McKinnon explains who decides what goes on the map.

Innisfree McKinnon

This article appeared in Scientific American, Fast Company, News Break and others, and originated from The Conversation, an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.

President Donald Trump ��. executive order to rename the Gulf of Mexico and Alaska ��. Denali, the tallest peak in the country, has resulted in lots of discussion. While for some, such renaming might seem less important than the big problems the country faces, there is a formal process in the United States for renaming places, and that process is taken seriously.

Usually, so people don’t get confused, official, agreed-upon names are used by the government. In the U.S., place names are standardized by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, which is part of the U.S. Geological Survey, the agency in charge of making maps.

In his executive order, Trump asks the Board on Geographic Names “to honor the contributions of visionary and patriotic Americans” and change its policies and procedures to reflect that.

Usually, renaming a place starts locally. The people in the state or county propose a name change and gather support. The process in each state is different.

Lake Bde Maka Ska, formerly Lake Calhoun, is the largest lake in Minneapolis. / YinYang/E+ via Getty

How to change a place name

Minnesota recently changed the name of a large lake in Minneapolis to Bde Maka Ska, which the Minneapolis Park Board described as “a Dakota name for the lake that has been passed down in oral history for many years.”

The board voted to change the name and took its request to the county commissioners. When the county agreed, the request was then sent to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which made it official for Minnesota. Then, the state of Minnesota sent the request to the Board on Geographic Names, which made it official for the entire U.S.

It ��. a lot of paperwork for something so seemingly minor, but people get passionate about place names. It took 40 years to rename Denali from the name established in the late 19th century, Mount McKinley.

The state of Alaska requested the name change in 1975, but the Board on Geographic Names didn’t take action. Members of the Ohio congressional delegation – President William McKinley was from Ohio – objected over many years to requests to rename the mountain, and the board did not act on those requests.

The president appoints the secretary of the Interior Department. The secretary works with the heads of related agencies to appoint the Board on Geographic Names. Current committee policy states, “Input from State geographic names authorities, land management agencies, local governments, and Tribal Governments are actively pursued.”

In 2015, President Barack Obama named a new leader for the Department of the Interior, Sally Jewell. Just as Obama made a trip to Alaska in late August 2015, Jewell declared the name change official under a law that allows the secretary of the Interior to change a name if the board doesn’t act on the proposal in a “reasonable” amount of time.

Today we’re returning Mount McKinley to its native name - Denali, a step to reflect the heritage of Alaska Natives. pic.twitter.com/WyzQImKymX
— President Obama (@POTUS44) August 31, 2015

“This name change recognizes the sacred status of Denali to many Alaska Natives,” Jewell said. “The name Denali has been official for use by the State of Alaska since 1975, but even more importantly, the mountain has been known as Denali for generations. With our own sense of reverence for this place, we are officially renaming the mountain Denali in recognition of the traditions of Alaska Natives and the strong support of the people of Alaska.”

You won’t find the Gulf of America on any map. / Sean Gladwell/Moment via Getty

If someone objects to a name change, they could ask the courts to rule on whether the name change was made legally. Going back to Bde Maka Ska, some people objected to changing the name from Lake Calhoun, so they took the state natural resources agency to court. Eventually, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that the name change was done correctly.

Alaska ��. two U.S. senators and prominent state figures have strongly objected to Trump ��. renaming attempt.

How not to change a place name

Renaming the Gulf of Mexico is a different kind of case, however, from renaming a geographic place within U.S. borders.

The gulf is not within the territorial U.S. On the coast, the first 12 miles from shore are considered part of that country, but outside of that is international waters.

The Board on Geographic Names could change the name to Gulf of America on official U.S. maps, but there is no international board in charge of place names. Each country decides what to call places. And there is no official way for the U.S. to make other countries change the name.

It ��. possible that the U.S. could formally ask other countries to change the name, or even impose sanctions against countries that don’t comply.

If the names were officially changed in the U.S., the government would use the new names in official documents, signage and maps. As for all the people and companies in the world that make maps, they usually use the official names. But there is nothing that would force them to, if they believed that a certain name is more widely recognized.

On Jan. 24, 2025, the U.S. Department of the Interior issued a statement on the name changes:

“In accordance with President Donald J. Trump ��. recent executive order, the Department of the Interior is proud to announce the implementation of name restorations that honor the legacy of American greatness, with efforts already underway.

"As directed by the President, the Gulf of Mexico will now officially be known as the Gulf of America and North America ��. highest peak will once again bear the name Mount McKinley….The U.S. Board on Geographic Names, under the purview of the Department of the Interior, is working expeditiously to update the official federal nomenclature in the Geographic Names Information System to reflect these changes, effective immediately for federal use.”

This story has been updated to reflect the Department of Interior ��. statement on Jan. 25, 2025.

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Geography professor Innisfree McKinnon explains if POTUS can just order new names for Denali and the Gulf of Mexico. Denali Park Mountain Range

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Innisfree McKinnon

Brief Biography: I am a human-environment geographer with GIS expertise. I'm trained as a political ecologist and have done research on environmental and community planning, conservation conflicts, loss of agricultural land to urbanization, rural tourism, sustainable cites, use of GIS and mapping in the social sciences and humanities, and spaces for children/youth. I teach a wide range of courses including general geography courses, environmental & food studies, and GIS.

If you need help with GIS or geospatial technologies, please refer to my website or YouTube channel.

Teaching Interests: human geography, environmental studies, geographic information systems

Research Interests: community and regional planning, conservation planning, political ecology, geographies of food and agriculture, urban-rural interactions, geographies of tourism and recreation, participatory and critical GIS, citizen science, critical geographies of children and youth

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Job Title: Associate Professor

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Department: Social Science Department

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Website: YouTube Channel

Education:

Degree: Ph.D. Geography

University: University of Oregon

Degree: M.A. Geography/Landscape Architecture

University: University of California, Davis

Degree: B.S. Environmental Science

University: Antioch College

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Inspiring Graduate: An Nguyen, B.S. Environmental Sciences

goersab — Mon, 13 Jan 2025 21:20:00 +0000

Inspiring Graduate: An Nguyen, B.S. Environmental Sciencesgoersab January 13, 2025

‘I have not only grown academically and professionally but personally, since Stout always provided me with opportunities.’

Inspiring Graduate: An Nguyen (’24)

Hometown: Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
Degree: B.S. Environmental Science
Concentration: Resources Conservation
Minor: Plant Science

An Nguyen had a three-year gap in her education before beginning her college career at ��. During that time, she worked for AIESEC, an international, youth-run organization, to strive for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

“This experience helped me discover I was passionate about nature and committed to solving environmental issues. I wanted to study abroad to seek a better education in environmental science, and I found Stout,” Nguyen said.

An Nguyen and Chancellor Katherine Frank at commencement / ��

She had never heard of the Midwest or Wisconsin before but was impressed by the nature and the hospitable people, she said. It was in Menomonie that Nguyen experienced her first snow in the winter of 2020.

Snow fell again on Dec. 14, when Nguyen earned her bachelor's degree and crossed the commencement stage at ��, along with 510 �� graduates.

“I am honored to be accepted for a doctoral program in biological sciences at Michigan Tech University. In the next five years, I will study Lake Superior's acidification, a project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. I will have the opportunity to work my dream job as a freshwater researcher, with world-class scientists in the field,” Nguyen said.

An Nguyen celebrates at commencement / ��

How has your �� experience changed you?

I have changed thoroughly since I started here. It's like living a new life.

Every day I got up with excitement because I knew I was going to chat with Dr. Nicole Hayes about research, and I always appreciated her for answering my never-ending questions. Because I knew that Dr. Mandy Little was going to show us plant memes and interesting ways to identify plants; I loved her jokes even though I didn't always understand them. Because I knew that I could join Dr. Keith Gilland and Dr. Julia Chapman for a weekend to do a control burn on a prairie to restore it. Because I was wading in a beaver pond in March with Dr. Julie Beston to collect data for my capstone. And so many more fun experiences I have had here.

An Nguyen (front, left) with professors and peers on Advisement Day / An Nguyen

I have become more confident and enthusiastic about what I am doing. I have not only grown academically and professionally but personally, since Stout always provided me with opportunities.

How well has �� prepared you to work in your field?

I think I am very well prepared for my future career due to the variety of roles I took as a college student. I have a lot of lab hours to apply what I learned in lecture.

I have a special interest in freshwater; therefore, I have done most of my research on freshwater ecology, including algae, walleye, beaver dams and water quality.

My favorite lab was probably Wetland Ecology with Dr. Little, who let me play with dirt, mud, and sedges, and figure out the wetland boundary. I always went home with a dirty face and fingers but felt down-to-earth.

An Nguyen will soon begin her doctoral program in biological sciences at Michigan Tech University / ��

I am a lab assistant for a few biology courses, where I prep for the dynamic of the lab and help students to maximize their lab experience. I am also a teacher ��. assistant for the MATH-90 course, a nightmare for some students who struggle with math. Here, I have walked with a lot of students through the first steps in their college journey.

I have done multiple internships throughout my years here. I interned at the UW Oshkosh ��. Environmental Research and Innovation Center during my sophomore year, through the Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin. I took part in biogas testing, compost testing, bacteria testing in drinking water and surface water, and hydroponics.

Environmental science student gains lab experience through Freshwater Collaborative

Nguyen completes internship with Environmental Research and Innovation Center

I interned with the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission during my junior year, where I stayed in the beautiful Northwoods and fished every day.

This past summer, I had a chance to explore Menomonie's water system more through a project funded by the Freshwater Collaborative of Wisconsin and led by �� professors.

I also participated at �� . annual Research Day, presenting research posters on “The Impacts of Beaver Activity in Western Wisconsin on Class II Trout Streams and the Adjacent Riparian Wetland Over Time,” “Trends in Long-term Dissolved Oxygen in Midwestern Lakes in Response to Climate Change,” and “Under-Ice Light and Nutrient Limitation of Attached Primary Producers and Phytoplankton.”

At Research Day 2024, I received a Student Honorable Mention at the Outstanding Researchers of the Year awards ceremony.

An Nguyen receives a Student Honorable Mention award from Provost Glendali Rodriguez and Chancellor Katherine Frank / ��

What stands out about your �� experience?

When I talked to students from other UW schools, I realized that Stout provided us with more lab time and personal support.

I can't say how much I am thankful for not only all of the enthusiastic faculty in the biology department and the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs. They were always willing to support me whenever I needed them. Without them, my research couldn't be done, and I would not be me today.

I appreciated the small class sizes, the dedicated professors, the unique lab experiences and the research opportunities supported by ORSP.

How did your involvement on campus impact your experience?

I was an active member and then the vice president of the Natural Areas Club. We hosted volunteer opportunities for people who love to go outside, enjoy nature and do something for it. I am also a part of the International Club. Together, we made the annual International Night vibrant and meaningful.

An Nguyen presents at Research Day / ��

More importantly, I would not have completed my college degree without the support from the Office of International Education and the You Are Welcome Here scholarship, which I received for four years, and the scholarship from the Kettle Moraine Garden Club, given to only two students in Wisconsin. I was honored to be one of them this year.

What challenges did you face in earning your degree?

My biggest challenge was the language barrier. I came to Stout during COVID and the masking policy, and that made communication very hard for me as this was my first time living abroad.

An Nguyen breaks through the ice to collect water samples with Professor Nicole Hayes / An Nguyen

I was very quiet at first because I had a hard time adapting to a new place and a new education system.

But this hardship taught me the lesson of being confident and overcoming my shyness. I spoke up although I might make no sense, but speaking up itself was my achievement.

What are you most proud of as you finish your degree?

I am most proud of myself as I never give up. If I didn't know something, I would teach myself to do it, and I was excited to do so. I think this spirit has helped me achieve good academic standing and the offer for a fully funded PhD program. With this spirit, I have built good connections and life-long relationships with people I worked with.

I would love to say thanks to all faculty and staff who I have interacted with, and who are always nice and patient to me. My success today can never be without your willingness to support and your kindness.

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Inspiring Graduate: Brady Cunningham, B.S. Applied Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

goersab — Mon, 13 Jan 2025 21:10:00 +0000

Inspiring Graduate: Brady Cunningham, B.S. Applied Biochemistry & Molecular Biologygoersab January 13, 2025

‘�� has been instrumental in making me a strong, competitive candidate for medical school.’

Inspiring Graduate: Brady Cunningham (’24)

Hometown: New Richmond
Degree: B.S. Applied Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Minor: Human Physiology

Brady Cunningham chose �� for several reasons. First, it was close to home, so he could stay connected with family while experiencing campus life.

“And it offers an excellent value, combining a strong reputation and quality education with affordability, allowing me to pursue my studies without excessive financial strain,” he said.

But foremost, the university ��. polytechnic, hands-on approach appealed to him, “as it emphasizes practical, applied learning that aligns with my career goals and prepares me well for a competitive workforce.”

Brady Cunningham and Chancellor Katherine Frank at commencement / ��

Within �� . bachelor's in applied biochemistry and molecular biology, following the Prehealth Sciences Pathway, Cunningham excelled in courses that would prepare him for medical school and his future as a physician.

The first-generation college student graduated early, earning his degree on Dec. 14, along with 510 �� graduates.

Cunningham is currently studying for and will soon take the MCAT – Medical College Admission Test – before applying to medical schools in the spring.

“Brady has achieved great success with his hard work and talents, which I’m sure will launch him into a successful future medical career,” said prehealth adviser Dr. Alex Hall. “Brady also has given back through his work as a tutor for many chemistry classes and works as a CNA at a nursing home in Spring Valley and volunteers at Mayo Clinic.”

How well has �� prepared you to work in your field?

�� has thoroughly prepared me for my future career in the medical field through its hands-on approach and research opportunities. My major in applied biochemistry and molecular biology, paired with a minor in human physiology, has provided a solid foundation in both the theoretical and practical aspects of science.

Brady Cunningham celebrates with faculty at commencement / ��

�� . commitment to hands-on learning has been instrumental in making me a strong, competitive candidate for medical school and for a future as a physician.

One of my most memorable lab experiences was in Dr. Jim Burritt ��. immunology lab, where I had the chance to extract hemolymph from bees, giving me an early exposure to advanced lab techniques.

My internship at UW Oshkosh further developed my research skills, where I worked on assessing a new phycocyanin probe ��. effectiveness for monitoring microcystin levels in water at local beaches. I was also responsible for measuring E. coli concentrations and issuing public health advisories when necessary.

These experiences have not only strengthened my technical skills but also instilled in me a sense of responsibility and readiness for patient care.

How has your �� experience changed you?

My experience at �� has truly shaped me both personally and academically. The hands-on, polytechnic approach has helped me develop practical skills and confidence in my abilities, giving me a stronger sense of readiness for my future career.

I've become more independent, learning how to balance academic challenges with personal responsibilities, and I've grown more resilient as I’ve faced and overcome those challenges. The supportive campus community, along with my involvement in groups like the Stout Prehealth Society, has inspired me to take on new leadership roles and expand my network with like-minded peers.

Altogether, �� has given me both the tools and the confidence to move forward toward my goals with clarity and determination.

Brady Cunningham will apply to medical school this spring / ��

What stands out about your �� experience?

One of the most memorable aspects of my experience at �� is how approachable and genuinely supportive the professors and lecturers have been. They are not only highly knowledgeable but are also deeply invested in my education and success. Whenever challenges arise, I know I can count on them for guidance and encouragement.

This supportive environment has allowed me to thrive and feel confident in my studies, making my time at �� incredibly rewarding.

How did your involvement on campus impact your experience?

I’ve been actively involved as an officer in the Stout Prehealth Society, which has been a valuable part of my �� experience.

Being part of this group allowed me to connect with other students who share similar goals, exchange advice and support each other as we navigate the prehealth pathway. The society has also provided resources and insights into the medical field, which have helped me feel more prepared for my future career.

What challenges did you face in earning your degree?

Brady Cunningham using the phycocyanin probe to gather data during his internship / Brady Cunningham

I faced several challenging courses that tested both my academic skills and my resilience. One piece of advice that has stuck with me came from Dr. Burritt in my freshman year, “When your mind is tired, exercise your body.”

Whenever I encounter a tough class or difficult material, I work hard to understand the concepts, but I’ve also learned to step back and give myself a break, whether it ��. going for a walk or a bike ride.

This balance of mental effort and physical activity has been crucial in managing stress, especially during the unexpected challenges of my senior year. By maintaining this balance, I’ve been able to stay focused and energized, which has helped me navigate both academic pressures and personal obstacles with more resilience.

What are you most proud of as you finish your degree?

As I finish my degree, I am most proud of my academic achievements, particularly maintaining a 3.99 grade-point-average. This accomplishment reflects the hard work and dedication I’ve put into my studies, and it ��. a source of great personal pride.

Beyond academics, I’m also proud of the person I’ve become throughout my time at ��. The experiences, challenges, and growth I’ve gone through have shaped me into a more confident, resilient, and driven individual, and I’m excited to carry these qualities with me into the next chapter of my journey.

I am grateful for the opportunities I’ve had to grow both academically and personally at ��. The hands-on learning, research experiences and supportive community have truly prepared me for the future I’ve envisioned.

I feel confident in my path toward medical school and beyond, thanks to the strong foundation I’ve built here. The friendships I’ve made, the mentorship I’ve received, and the lessons I’ve learned will stay with me as I take the next steps in my career. I’m excited for what lies ahead and look forward to continuing to build on the experiences I’ve had at Stout.

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‘�� has been instrumental in making me a strong, competitive candidate for medical school.' Brady Cunningham

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Inspiring Graduate: An Nguyen (’24)

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